![]() For these reasons, fluent reading in the L2 is a "key indicator of a highly skilled reader" (Grabe, 2010, p. Reading fluency involves the rapid, smooth, accurate reading of connected text with little focus on the mechanics of reading (Goldfus, 2014).ħ3) and a skill that demands greater attention from foreign language teachers. Developing a degree of automaticity, particularly in the deployment of lower-level reading processes (e.g., word recognition, syntactic parsing, and the formation of semantic propositions), is critical for reading fluency growth (Grabe & Stoller, 2013). Only after these lower-order processes are automatized can a reader have enough mental space to engage the higher-order cognitive processes critical for text compression (e.g., inferencing and attending to semantic cues). While there are several variables of interest when measuring reading fluency, this study focuses on reading rate most notably, reading rate according to Carver's "rauding theory" (1990, p. Rauding concerns the rate at which learners attend to each word in a text while understanding the complete thoughts or themes presented in the sentences of text (Carver, 1990). Therefore, this study was interested in the rate or speed at which EFL learners could read each word of a text while maintaining a respectable comprehension level. Many of our Lifetime License options are exclusive offers, at the web's best prices.In the following sections, several approaches suggested for nurturing L2 learners' reading fluency are presented alongside some of the research describing their efficacy. You'll get a lifetime of major updates, and inevitably a world of new features that are beyond our current imagination. That's why a Lifetime License is so appealing. Perhaps it no longer works properly with your new computer or OS, or maybe you're simply missing out on serious improvements and experiencing some major FOMO. V2, V3, V4), older versions often grow obsolete. As you know, when an app gets a major update (and advances to the next version e.g. Minor updates usually include fixes to bugs that surface post-launch. Great question! A Standard License issues full access to the app and all minor updates for life. What's the Difference Between a Standard & Lifetime License? Allows for 5 user accounts (unlimited installs).License redemption deadline: redeem within 30 days of purchase.PC World: "The most comprehensive speed reading system anywhere - with 7 learning strategies, 15 software activities, video training, ultra-advanced tracking, and much more.". ![]() TopTenReviews Gold and Excellence Awards Winner.Learn how to take care of your eyes through eye & body health training videos. ![]()
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